Журнал «Здоровье ребенка» Том 20, №8, 2025
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Сучасні стратегії збереження здоров’я кісток у дітей і підлітків: що повинен знати лікар?
Авторы: Бекетова Г.В. (1), Бабій А.Е. (2)
(1) - Національний університет охорони здоров’я України імені П.Л. Шупика, м. Київ, Україна
(2) - ТОВ «Здраво», м. Київ, Україна
Рубрики: Педиатрия/Неонатология
Разделы: Клинические исследования
Версия для печати
Актуальність. Здоров’я кісток — це детермінований генетичними, екологічними, гормональними, харчовими і механічними впливами стан кісткової тканини, що забезпечує її стійкість до переломів, є основою для ефективної реалізації позаскелетної та механічної функцій скелета, важливою складовою гармонійного розвитку дітей і підлітків та їхнього загального фізичного благополуччя протягом усього життя. Мета: здійснити огляд наукових досліджень щодо впливу мікронутрієнтів і фізичної активності на мінеральну щільність кісткової тканини в дітей і підлітків і визначити стратегії профілактики порушень здоров’я кісток. Матеріали та методи. Огляд літературних джерел базувався на аналізі результатів наукових досліджень, що опубліковані у відкритому доступі, з використанням інформаційно-пошукових систем PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar і ResearchGate. Розглянутo 109 наукових робіт, переважно за останні 5 років, відповідно до обраної теми й мети дослідження. Результати. Дані проведеного огляду літератури свідчать, що здоров’я кісток залежить від низки факторів. Серед керованих факторів важлива роль належить дотриманню здорового способу життя, зокрема достатній фізичній активності, відсутності шкідливих звичок та оптимальному харчуванню, збалансованому передусім за такими есенціальними мікронутрієнтами, як кальцій і вітаміни D та К. Недостатнє споживання кальцію та вітаміну D у дитячому й особливо підлітковому віці (критичний період для росту і розвитку кісток) супроводжується зниженням ефективності формування кісткової тканини й досягнення оптимального піку її мінеральної щільності, що підвищує ризик розвитку низки хронічних захворювань, остеопорозу й переломів кісток у дорослих. Висновки. Для запобігання порушенням здоров’я кісток і зменшення глобального впливу захворювань, пов’язаних з ними, розроблені сучасні стратегії, що включають освітньо-інформаційні технології, програми збагачення основних продуктів есенціальними мікронутрієнтами, зміни способу життя, раннє виявлення, своєчасне втручання і моніторинг дефіциту кальцію й вітаміну D, створення відповідних цифрових інструментів охорони здоров’я і персоналізованих підходів до харчування.
Background. Bone health is the condition of bone tissue determined by genetic, environmental, hormonal, nutritional and mechanical influences, which ensures its resistance to fractures; it is the basis of the effective implementation of extraskeletal and mechanical functions of the skeleton, an important component of the harmonious development of children and adolescents and their overall physical well-being throughout life. The purpose was to review scientific research on the effects of micronutrients and physical activity on bone mineral density in children and adolescents and identify strategies for preventing bone health disorders. Materials and methods. The literature review was based on the analysis of the results of scientific research published in the open access using the information search systems PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and ResearchGate. One hundred and nine scientific papers published mostly in the last 5 years were reviewed in accordance with the chosen topic and research objective. Results. The literature review suggests that bone health depends on a number of factors. Among the controllable factors, an important role belongs to maintaining a healthy lifestyle, in particular, sufficient physical activity, the absence of bad habits, optimal nutrition, balanced primarily in terms of essential micronutrients such as calcium and vitamin D and К. Insufficient calcium and vitamin D intake in childhood and, especially, in adolescence (a critical period for bone growth and development) is accompanied by a decrease in the efficiency of bone mineral density formation and reaching its optimal peak, which increases the risk of developing a number of chronic diseases, osteoporosis, and bone fractures in adults. Conclusions. To prevent bone health disorders and reduce the global impact of diseases related to them, modern strategies have been developed, including educational and information technologies, programs to enrich staple foods with essential micronutrients, lifestyle changes, early detection, timely intervention and monitoring of calcium and vitamin D and К deficiency, creation of appropriate digital health tools and personalized approaches to nutrition.
здоров’я кісток; мінеральна щільність; здоровий спосіб життя; діти; підлітки; кальцій; вітамін D; вітамін К; харчування; фізична активність; ожиріння; ІНОС® (К2+D3+Са)
bone health; mineral density; healthy lifestyle; children; adolescents; calcium; vitamin D; vitamin К; nutrition; physical activity; obesity; INOS® (К2+D3+Са)
Вступ
Матеріали та методи
Результати
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Висновки
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