Международный эндокринологический журнал Том 22, №2, 2026
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Ацилкарнітини, нейрокогнітивні розлади та цукровий діабет 2-го типу
Авторы: Сергієнко О.О., Гоцко М.Є., Красний М.Р., Сергієнко В.О.
Державне некомерційне підприємство «Львівський національний медичний університет імені Данила Галицького», м. Львів, Україна
Рубрики: Эндокринология
Разделы: Справочник специалиста
Версия для печати
Останнім часом значна увага прикута до пулу карнітину — комплексу, що включає L-карнітин (L-carnitine, LC) і ацилкарнітини (Acylcarnitines, ACs). Завдяки розвитку омікс-технологій розуміння багатогранності функцій пулу карнітину в контексті здоров’я та захворювань стало значно глибшим. LC, ацетилкарнітин (acetyl-L-carnitine, LAC) і ACs прямо чи опосередковано впливають на широкий спектр метаболічних шляхів у більшості органів, сприяють міжорганній комунікації та метаболічній взаємодії. Повідомляється про потенційний зв’язок зміни рівнів ACs із нейрокогнітивними розладами, інсулінорезистентністю, цукровим діабетом 2-го типу, ожирінням і серцево-судинними захворюваннями. Завдяки своїм численним властивостям, пов’язаним з нейропластичністю, LAC має потенціал стати інноваційним антидепресантом з унікальним механізмом впливу. Здатність LAC впливати на нейропластичність, трансмембранну модуляцію та рівень нейромедіаторів може відігравати ключову роль у терапії нейрокогнітивних розладів. Запропоновано низку механізмів, за допомогою яких LC може справляти позитивний вплив на процеси метаболізму глюкози. Зокрема, LC сприяє мітохондріальному окисненню довголанцюгових ацил-КоА, що сприяє поліпшенню контролю рівня глюкози в крові; знижує експресію низки ферментів, які залучені до процесів глюконеогенезу; впливає на сигнальний шлях інсуліноподібного фактора росту-1, що потенційно сприяє регуляції рівня глюкози; має протизапальні й антиоксидантні властивості, а також сприяє зменшенню маси тіла і зниженню інсулінорезистентності. Вважається, що сукупний ефект добавок LC підвищує чутливість до інсуліну й покращує метаболізм глюкози. Основна мета цього огляду полягає в аналізі значення ацилкарнітинів у профілактиці й лікуванні коморбідних станів, зокрема нейрокогнітивних розладів і цукрового діабету 2-го типу. Окрім цього, розглядаються актуальні тенденції та окреслюються перспективні напрямки майбутніх досліджень у цій сфері. Пошук проводився в Scopus, Science Direct (від Elsevier) і PubMed, включно з базами даних Medline. Використані ключові слова «ацилкарнітини», «нейрокогнітивні розлади», «цукровий діабет 2-го типу». Для виявлення результатів досліджень, які не вдалося знайти під час онлайн-пошуку, використовувався ручний пошук бібліографії публікацій.
Considerable attention has recently been focused on the carnitine pool, a complex that includes L-carnitine (LC) and acylcarnitines (ACs). Thanks to the development of omics technologies, the understanding of the multifaceted functions of the carnitine pool in the context of health and disease has become much deeper. LC, acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC), and ACs directly or indirectly affect a wide range of metabolic pathways in most organs and promote interorgan communication and metabolic interaction. Changes in ACs levels have been reported to be potentially associated with neurocognitive disorders, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Due to its numerous properties related to neuroplasticity, LAC has the potential to become an innovative antidepressant with a unique mechanism of action. The ability of LAC to influence neuroplasticity, transmembrane modulation, and regulation of neurotransmitters may play a key role in the treatment of neurocognitive disorders. Researchers have proposed several mechanisms through which LC can positively impact glucose metabolism. In particular, LC promotes mitochondrial oxidation of long-chain acyl-CoA, which helps improve blood glucose control; reduces the expression of several enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis; affects the insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling pathway, which potentially contributes to glucose regulation; has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; and also helps reduce body weight and insulin resistance. The combined effect of LC supplementation is thought to increase insulin sensitivity and improve glucose metabolism. The main purpose of this review is to analyze the importance of acylcarnitines in the prevention and treatment of comorbidities, including neurocognitive disorders and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, current trends are discussed, and promising areas for future research in this area are outlined. The search was conducted in Scopus, ScienceDirect (from Elsevier), and PubMed, including MEDLINE databases. The keywords used were “acylcarnitines”, “neurocognitive disorders”, and “type 2 diabetes mellitus”. A manual search of the bibliography of publications was used to identify research results that could not be found during the online search.
L-карнітин; ацилкарнітини; нейрокогнітивні розлади; цукровий діабет 2-го типу; огляд літератури
L-carnitine; acylcarnitines; neurocognitive disorders; type 2 diabetes mellitus; literature review
Вступ
Висновки
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