Журнал "Гастроэнтерология" Том 55, №2, 2021
Вернуться к номеру
Dental Status of Young Adults with Chronic Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Авторы: N.O. Gevkaliuk
Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
Рубрики: Гастроэнтерология
Разделы: Медицинские форумы
Версия для печати
The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of dental diseases in adolescents with chronic pathology of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
Materials and methods. The clinical examination was performed to determine the prevalence of dental caries in accordance with WHO recommendations (1989), periodontal disease in 645 young adults aged 14–15 years. To objectively assess the condition of the periodontal tissues, periodontal indices (gingival bleeding, PMA, Stallard) were calculated according to generally accepted methods. The statistical analysis was held to determine the reliability of the data.
Results and discussion. The prevalence of dental caries was (46.3 ± 2.4) (p < 0.05) in young adults with chronic gastritis (in almost healthy individuals without gastrointestinal pathology — (44.20 ± 2.29 %)).The prevalence of dental caries in patients with duodenitis and peptic ulcer disease was (50.2 ± 2.6) (p < 0.05) and (51.90 ± 2.69) (p < 0.05) respectively. The highest prevalence of the teeth hard tissues damages was found in young adults with malabsorption syndrome , in which this parameter was almost one and a half times higher and amounted to (65.10 ± 3.37 %) (p < 0.05). An objective assessment of periodontal tissues showed that in all subjects with chronic gastritis, duodenitis, peptic ulcer disease and malabsorption syndrome were revealed signs of inflammatory damage of periodontal tissues. The analysis of digital values of the studied indicators showed that the number of young adults with healthy periodontal tissues was approximately the same regardless of the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract and varied from 18 % to 20 %. The analysis of digital values of PMA index showed that changes in the color and relief of the gums with bleeding phenomena were registered in young adults with chronic gastritis: the average rate of inflammatory hyperemia was (30.07 ± 1.56 %). Gingival bleeding index was (1.520 ± 0.079) points in them, Stallard index — 1.200 ± 0.062 points. Mineralized dental plaque was observed in young adults with chronic gastritis and duodenitis (33.20 ± 1.72 and 35.60 ± 1.85, respectively) and peptic ulcer disease and malabsorption syndrome (34.7 ± 1.8 and 34.7 ± 1.8, respectively).
Conclusions. Thus, the oral cavity is the initial part of the digestive system, changes in dental status due to their morphological and functional integration are the reflection of GIT pathological processes, which dictates the need for etiological and pathogenic therapy corrections.