Інформація призначена тільки для фахівців сфери охорони здоров'я, осіб,
які мають вищу або середню спеціальну медичну освіту.

Підтвердіть, що Ви є фахівцем у сфері охорони здоров'я.

Международный неврологический журнал Том 21, №5, 2025

Вернуться к номеру

Приховані прояви розсіяного склерозу: сучасний погляд на патогенез та клінічне значення

Авторы: Гриневич К.О., Копчак О.О.
ПВНЗ «Київський медичний університет», м. Київ, Україна

Рубрики: Неврология

Разделы: Справочник специалиста

Версия для печати


Резюме

У хворих на розсіяний склероз (РС) приховані симптоми, такі як когнітивні порушення, депресія, тривога, втома та сексуальна дисфункція, значно впливають на якість життя і сприяють формуванню інвалідності. Попри високу поширеність цих симптомів, вони часто залишаються недооціненими у клінічній практиці. Приховані прояви РС мають багатофакторний патогенез, до якого залучені запальні, нейродегенеративні, судинні, метаболічні та психосоціальні механізми. Когнітивні порушення у пацієнтів із РС найчастіше включають зниження швидкості обробки інформації, розлади пам’яті та виконавчих функцій. Депресія і тривога мають високу коморбідність, причому депресивні симптоми асоціюються зі змінами в гіпокампі та кортиколімбічних мережах, а тривога — з порушенням регуляції лімбічних структур і нейрозапальними процесами. Втома є одним із найбільш інвалідизуючих проявів, у її патогенезі значну роль відіграють атрофія сірої речовини та ураження таламуса. Сексуальна дисфункція відзначається більш ніж у половини пацієнтів і може бути зумовлена первинними (неврологічними), вторинними (соматичними) або третинними (психоемоційними та соціальними) механізмами. Метою цього огляду є систематизація сучасних даних щодо прихованих проявів РС, їх патогенетичних механізмів та клінічного значення, а також аналіз нових тенденцій діагностики. Пошук літератури проводився у базах Scopus, PubMed та Web of Science із застосуванням ключових слів «розсіяний склероз», «когнітивні порушення», «депресія», «тривога», «втома», «сексуальна дисфункція». Додатково використовувався ручний пошук посилань у відібраних статтях.

In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), hidden symptoms such as cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, fatigue, and sexual dysfunction significantly affect quality of life and contribute to disability progression. Despite high prevalence, these symptoms often remain underestimated and underdiagnosed in clinical practice. The pathogenesis of hidden manifestations in MS is multifactorial, involving inflammatory, neurodegenerative, vascular, metabolic, and psychosocial mechanisms. Cognitive impairment in patients with MS most commonly includes decreased information processing, memory deficits, and executive dysfunction. Depression and anxiety frequently co-occur; depressive symptoms are associated with hippocampal changes and cortico-limbic network alterations, while anxiety is linked to dysregulation of limbic structures and neuroinflammatory processes. Fatigue is one of the most disabling symptoms in MS, with its pathoge­nesis involving grey matter atrophy, and thalamic lesions. Sexual dysfunction affects more than half of patients and may arise from neurological (primary), somatic (secondary), or psychosocial (tertiary) factors. This review aims to summarize current data on hidden manifestations of MS, their pathogenic mechanisms and clinical significance, as well as to highlight new diagnostic trends. The literature search was performed using Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases with the keywords “multiple sclerosis”, “cognitive impairment”, “depression”, “anxiety”, “fatigue”, and “sexual dysfunction.” Additional references were identified through manual bibliography screening.


Ключевые слова

розсіяний склероз; приховані симптоми; когнітивні порушення; депресія; тривога; втома; сексуальна дисфункція

multiple sclerosis; hidden symptoms; cognitive impairment; depression; anxiety; fatigue; sexual dysfunction


Для ознакомления с полным содержанием статьи необходимо оформить подписку на журнал.


Список литературы

1. Khan G, Hashim MJ. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis: global, regional, national and sub-national-level estimates and future projections. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2025;15:21. doi: 10.1007/s44197-025-00353-6.
2. Walton C, King R, Rechtman L, Kaye W, Leray E, Marrie RA, et al. Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: Insights from the Atlas of MS, third edition. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. 2020;6(3):2055217320937032. doi: 10.1177/2055217320937032.
3. Habbestad A, Willumsen JS, Aarseth JH, Grytten N, Midgard R, Wergeland S, Myhr KM, Torkildsen . Increasing age of multiple sclerosis onset from 1920 to 2022: a population-based study. J Neurol. 2024 Apr;271(4):1610-1617. doi: 10.1007/s00415-023-12047-9. Epub 2023 Dec 14. PMID: 38097800; PMCID: PMC10973050.
4. Ward M, Goldman MD. Epidemiology and Pathophysio-logy of Multiple Sclerosis. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2022 Aug 1;28(4):988-1005. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000001136. PMID: 35938654.
5. Dobson R, Giovannoni G. Multiple sclerosis — a review. Eur J Neurol. 2019 Jan;26(1):27-40. doi: 10.1111/ene.13819. Epub 2018 Nov 18. PMID: 30300457.
6. Hauser SL, Cree BAC. Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review. Am J Med. 2020 Dec;133(12):1380-1390.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.05.049. Epub 2020 Jul 17. PMID: 32682869; PMCID: PMC7704606.
7. Marinetto S, Riccardi A, Barbadoro F, Pucci V, Selini E, Pavan A, Rinaldi F, Perini P, Puthenparampil M, Gallo P, Mondini S. Sexual Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of Executive Function. Behav Sci (Basel). 2023 Apr 29;13(5):369. doi: 10.3390/bs13050369. PMID: 37232606; PMCID: PMC10215093.
8. Lakin L, Davis BE, Binns CC, Currie KM, Rensel MR. Comprehensive Approach to Management of Multiple Sclerosis: Addressing Invisible Symptoms — A Narrative Review. Neurol Ther. 2021 Jun;10(1):75-98. doi: 10.1007/s40120-021-00239-2. Epub 2021 Apr 20. PMID: 33877583; PMCID: PMC8057008.
9. Askari M, Mirmosayyeb O, Fattahi F, Ghoshouni H, Moases Ghaffary E, Shaygannejad V, Ghajarzadeh M. Prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Caspian J Intern Med. 2024 Summer;15(3):392-413. doi: 10.22088/cjim.15.3.392. PMID: 39011445; PMCID: PMC11246688.
10. Benedict RHB, DeLuca J, Enzinger C, Geurts JJG, Krupp LB, Rao SM. Neuropsychology of Multiple Sclerosis: Looking Back and Moving Forward. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2017 Oct;23(9-10):832-842. doi: 10.1017/S1355617717000959. PMID: 29198279.
11. Lugosi K, Engh MA, Huszr Z, Hegyi P, Mtrai P, Csukly G, Molnr Z, Horvth K, Mtis D, Mezei Z. Domain-specific cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2024 Mar;11(3):564-576. doi: 10.1002/acn3.51976. Epub 2024 Jan 11. PMID: 38212940; PMCID: PMC10963281.
12. Menascu S, Stern M, Aloni R, Kalron A, Magalshvili D, Achiron A. Assessing cognitive performance in radiologically isolated syndrome. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2019 Jul;32:70-73. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.04.030. Epub 2019 Apr 27. PMID: 31054500.
13. Benedict RHB, Amato MP, DeLuca J, Geurts JJG. Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: clinical management, MRI, and therapeutic avenues. Lancet Neurol. 2020 Oct;19(10):860-871. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30277-5. Epub 2020 Sep 16. PMID: 32949546; PMCID: PMC10011205.
14. Peo LIC, De Silanes De Miguel CL, de Torres L, Ortiz ME, Moreno MJG, Rodeo BO, Carpio RT, Muoz JS, Montoya BPD, Seplveda MS, De Antonio Sanz E, Ayuso SA, Salaices MG. Brain Atrophy and Physical and Cognitive Disability in Multiple Sclerosis. Basic Clin Neurosci. 2023 Mar — Apr;14(2):311-316. doi: 10.32598/bcn.2021.1893.1. Epub 2023 Mar 1. PMID: 38107523; PMCID: PMC10719973.
15. Branco M, Ruano L, Portaccio E, Goretti B, Niccolai C, Patti F, Chisari C, Gallo P, Grossi P, Ghezzi A, Roscio M, Mattioli F, Bellomi F, Simone M, Viterbo RG, Amato MP. Aging with multiple sclerosis: prevalence and profile of cognitive impairment. Neurol Sci. 2019 Aug;40(8):1651-1657. doi: 10.1007/s10072-019-03875-7. Epub 2019 Apr 23. Erratum in: Neurol Sci. 2020 Jan;41(1):243. doi: 10.1007/s10072-019-04134-5. PMID: 31011932.
16. Vaheb S, Rajaei Z, Shaygannejad V, Mirmosayyeb O. Prevalence and Odds of Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis Subtypes and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study. Adv Biomed Res. 2025 Apr 30;14:34. doi: 10.4103/abr.abr_434_24. PMID: 40390815; PMCID: PMC12087929.
17. Hynicov E, Vyhnlek M, Kalina A, Martinkovi L, Nikolai T, Lis J, Hort J, Meluznov E, Lacz J. Cognitive impairment and structural brain changes in patients with clinically isolated syndrome at high risk for multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2017 Mar;264(3):482-493. doi: 10.1007/s00415-016-8368-9. Epub 2016 Dec 27. PMID: 28028623.
18. Cortese M, Riise T, Bjrnevik K, Bhan A, Farbu E, Grytten N, Hogenesch I, Midgard R, Smith Simonsen C, Telstad W, Ascherio A, Myhr KM. Preclinical disease activity in multiple sclerosis: A prospective study of cognitive performance prior to first symptom. Ann Neurol. 2016 Oct;80(4):616-24. doi: 10.1002/ana.24769. PMID: 27554176.
19. Moccia M, Lanzillo R, Palladino R, Chang KC, Costabile T, Russo C, De Rosa A, Carotenuto A, Sacc F, Maniscalco GT, Brescia Morra V. Cognitive impairment at diagnosis predicts 10-year multiple sclerosis progression. Mult Scler. 2016 Apr;22(5):659-67. doi: 10.1177/1352458515599075. Epub 2015 Sep 11. PMID: 26362896.
20. Taranu D, Balz LT, Holbrook J, Tumani V, Schreiber H, Tumani H, Uttner I. Cognitive impairment, mood, and fatigue in various multiple sclerosis subtypes: a one-year follow-up study. J Neurol. 2025 May 14;272(6):398. doi: 10.1007/s00415-025-13115-y. PMID: 40366474; PMCID: PMC12078348.
21. Wu W, Francis H, Lucien A, Wheeler TA, Gandy M. The Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev. 2024 Apr 8. doi: 10.1007/s11065-024-09640-8. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38587704.
22. Krijnen EA, van Dam M, Bajrami A, Bouman PM, Noteboom S, Barkhof F, Uitdehaag BMJ, Steenwijk MD, Klawiter EC, Koubiyr I, Schoonheim MM. Cortical lesions impact cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis via volume loss of nonlesional cortex. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2025 Jan;12(1):121-136. doi: 10.1002/acn3.52261. Epub 2024 Dec 27. PMID: 39729590; PMCID: PMC11752103.
23. Krijnen EA, Broeders TAA, Noteboom S, van Dam M, Bajrami A, Bouman PM, Barkhof F, Uitdehaag BMJ, Klawiter EC, Koubiyr I, Schoonheim MM. The cognitive relevance of non-lesional damage to cortical networks in people with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2024 Jun;271(6):3203-3214. doi: 10.1007/s00415-024-12240-4. Epub 2024 Mar 5. PMID: 38441612; PMCID: PMC11136718.
24. Eijlers AJC, van Geest Q, Dekker I, Steenwijk MD, Meijer KA, Hulst HE, Barkhof F, Uitdehaag BMJ, Schoonheim MM, Geurts JJG. Predicting cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis: a 5-year follow-up study. Brain. 2018 Sep 1;141(9):2605-2618. doi: 10.1093/brain/awy202. PMID: 30169585.
25. Koubiyr I, Krijnen EA, Eijlers AJC, Dekker I, Hulst HE, Uitdehaag BMJ, Barkhof F, Geurts JJG, Schoonheim MM. Longitudinal fibre-specific white matter damage predicts cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis. Brain Commun. 2024 Jan 27;6(1):fcae018. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae018. PMID: 38344654; PMCID: PMC10853982.
26. Huiskamp M, Eijlers AJC, Broeders TAA, Pasteuning J, Dekker I, Uitdehaag BMJ, Barkhof F, Wink AM, Geurts JJG, Hulst HE, Schoonheim MM. Longitudinal Network Changes and Conversion to Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis. Neurology. 2021 Aug 24;97(8):e794-e802. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012341. Epub 2021 Jun 7. PMID: 34099528; PMCID: PMC8397585.
27. Mistri D, Cacciaguerra L, Valsasina P, Pagani E, Filippi M, Rocca MA. Cognitive function in primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: A multiparametric magnetic resonance ima–ging study. Eur J Neurol. 2023 Sep;30(9):2801-2810. doi: 10.1111/ene.15900. Epub 2023 Jun 8. PMID: 37246467.
28. Meijer KA, van Geest Q, Eijlers AJC, Geurts JJG, Schoonheim MM, Hulst HE. Is impaired information processing speed a matter of structural or functional damage in MS? Neuroimage Clin. 2018;20:844-850. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.09.021. Epub 2018 Sep 26. PMID: 30278371; PMCID: PMC6169100.
29. Oh J, Suthiphosuwan S, Sati P, Absinta M, Dewey B, Gue–nette M, Selchen D, Bharatha A, Donaldson E, Reich DS, Feinstein A. Cognitive impairment, the central vein sign, and paramagnetic rim lesions in RIS. Mult Scler. 2021 Dec;27(14):2199-2208. doi: 10.1177/13524585211002097. Epub 2021 Mar 23. PMID: 33754887; PMCID: PMC8458475.
30. Quintana E, Coll C, Salavedra-Pont J, Muoz-San Martn M, Robles-Cedeo R, Toms-Roig J, Bux M, Matute-Blanch C, Villar LM, Montalban X, Comabella M, Perkal H, Gich J, Rami-Torrent L. Cognitive impairment in early stages of multiple sclerosis is associated with high cerebrospinal fluid levels of chitinase 3-like 1 and neurofilament light chain. Eur J Neurol. 2018 Sep;25(9):1189-1191. doi: 10.1111/ene.13687. Epub 2018 Jun 22. PMID: 29797629.
31. Margoni M, Preziosa P, Rocca MA, Filippi M. Depressive symptoms, anxiety and cognitive impairment: emerging evidence in multiple sclerosis. Transl Psychiatry. 2023 Jul 19;13(1):264. doi: 10.1038/s41398-023-02555-7. PMID: 37468462; PMCID: PMC10356956.
32. Young CA, Langdon D, Rog D, Chhetri SK, Tanasescu R, Kalra S, Webster G, Nicholas R, Ford HL, Woolmore J, Paling D, Tennant A, Mills R; TONiC study group. Prevalence, treatment and correlates of depression in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2024 Jul;87:105648. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105648. Epub 2024 Apr 26. PMID: 38713965.
33. Peres DS, Rodrigues P, Viero FT, Frare JM, Kudsi SQ, Meira GM, Trevisan G. Prevalence of depression and anxiety in the different clinical forms of multiple sclerosis and associations with disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2022 Jul 6;24:100484. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100484. PMID: 35856061; PMCID: PMC9287158.
34. Kiropoulos LA, Rozenblat V, Baes N. Inflammatory proteins related to depression in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2024 Dec 28;43:100939. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100939. PMID: 39867847; PMCID: PMC11758135.
35. Slcudean A, Popovici RA, Pitic DE, Srbu D, Boroghina A, Jomaa M, Salehi MA, Kher AAM, Lica MM, Bodo CR, Enatescu VR. Unraveling the Complex Interplay Between Neuroinflammation and Depression: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Feb 14;26(4):1645. doi: 10.3390/ijms26041645. PMID: 40004109; PMCID: PMC11855341.
36. Kallaur AP, Lopes J, Oliveira SR, Simo AN, Reiche EM, de Almeida ER, Morimoto HK, de Pereira WL, Alfieri DF, Borelli SD, Kaimen-Maciel DR, Maes M. Immune-Inflammatory and Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Biomarkers of Depression Symptoms in Subjects with Multiple Sclerosis: Increased Peripheral Inflammation but Less Acute Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol. 2016 Oct;53(8):5191-202. doi: 10.1007/s12035-015-9443-4. Epub 2015 Sep 24. PMID: 26399644.
37. Lazzarotto A, Margoni M, Franciotta S, Zywicki S, Riccardi A, Poggiali D, Anglani M, Gallo P. Selective Cerebellar Atrophy Associates with Depression and Fatigue in the Early Phases of Relapse-Onset Multiple Sclerosis. Cerebellum. 2020 Apr;19(2):192-200. doi: 10.1007/s12311-019-01096-4. PMID: 31898280.
38. Pravatà E, Rocca MA, Valsasina P, Riccitelli GC, Gobbi C, Comi G, Falini A, Filippi M. Gray matter trophism, cognitive impairment, and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2017 Dec;23(14):1864-1874. doi: 10.1177/1352458517692886. Epub 2017 Feb 7. PMID: 28169581.
39. Kampaite A, Gustafsson R, York EN, Foley P, MacDougall NJJ, Bastin ME, Chandran S, Waldman AD, Meijboom R. Brain connectivity changes underlying depression and fatigue in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2024 Mar 29;19(3):e0299634. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299634. PMID: 38551913; PMCID: PMC10980255.
40. Kiy G, Lehmann P, Hahn HK, Eling P, Kastrup A, Hildebrandt H. Decreased hippocampal volume, indirectly measured, is associated with depressive symptoms and consolidation deficits in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2011 Sep;17(9):1088-97. doi: 10.1177/1352458511403530. Epub 2011 May 5. PMID: 21546523.
41. Rocca MA, Pravat E, Valsasina P, Radaelli M, Colombo B, Vacchi L, Gobbi C, Comi G, Falini A, Filippi M. Hippocampal-DMN disconnectivity in MS is related to WM lesions and depression. Hum Brain Mapp. 2015 Dec;36(12):5051-63. doi: 10.1002/hbm.22992. Epub 2015 Sep 14. PMID: 26366641; PMCID: PMC6869286.
42. Colasanti A, Guo Q, Giannetti P, Wall MB, Newbould RD, Bishop C, Onega M, Nicholas R, Ciccarelli O, Muraro PA, Malik O, Owen DR, Young AH, Gunn RN, Piccini P, Matthews PM, Rabi–ner EA. Hippocampal Neuroinflammation, Functional Connectivity, and Depressive Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis. Biol Psychiatry. 2016 Jul 1;80(1):62-72. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.11.022. Epub 2015 Dec 5. PMID: 26809249; PMCID: PMC4918731.
43. Maier S, Bajk Z, Roescu R, Brcuean L, Srman E, Voidzan S, Blaa R. Sociodemographic and Clinical Determinants of Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis. Life (Basel). 2023 Oct 29;13(11):2132. doi: 10.3390/life13112132. PMID: 38004272; PMCID: PMC10672347.
44. Marrie RA, Patten SB, Berrigan LI, Tremlett H, Wolfson C, Warren S, Leung S, Fiest KM, McKay KA, Fisk JD; CIHR Team in the Epidemiology and Impact of Comorbidity on Multiple Sclerosis (ECoMS). Diagnoses of Depression and Anxiety Versus Current Symptoms and Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J MS Care. 2018 Mar — Apr;20(2):76-84. doi: 10.7224/1537-2073.2016-110. PMID: 29670493; PMCID: PMC5898919.
45. Golan D, Doniger GM, Wissemann K, Zarif M, Bumstead B, Buhse M, Fafard L, Lavi I, Wilken J, Gudesblatt M. The impact of subjective cognitive fatigue and depression on cognitive function in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2018 Feb;24(2):196-204. doi: 10.1177/1352458517695470. Epub 2017 Feb 1. PMID: 28273778.
46. Zhang X, Song Y, Wei Z, Chen X, Zhuang X, Yi L. The prevalence and risk factors of anxiety in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurosci. 2023 Apr 17;17:1120541. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1120541. PMID: 37139531; PMCID: PMC10149809.
47. Disanto G, Zecca C, MacLachlan S, Sacco R, Handunnetthi L, Meier UC, Simpson A, McDonald L, Rossi A, Benkert P, Kuhle J, Ramagopalan SV, Gobbi C. Prodromal symptoms of multiple sclerosis in primary care. Ann Neurol. 2018 Jun;83(6):1162-1173. doi: 10.1002/ana.25247. Epub 2018 May 30. PMID: 29740872.
48. Vong V, Simpson-Yap S, Phaiju S, Davenport RA, Neate SL, Pisano MI, Reece JC. The association between tobacco smoking and depression and anxiety in people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2023 Feb;70:104501. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104501. Epub 2023 Jan 4. PMID: 36621161.
49. Ellwardt E, Muthuraman M, Gonzalez-Escamilla G, Chirumamilla VC, Luessi F, Bittner S, Zipp F, Groppa S, Fleischer V. Network alterations underlying anxiety symptoms in early multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation. 2022 May 24;19(1):119. doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02476-0. PMID: 35610651; PMCID: PMC9131528.
50. Navarro-Nolasco DA, Chi-Castaeda D, Lpez-Meraz ML, Beltran-Parrazal L, Morgado-Valle C. The medial prefrontal cortex as a proposed regulatory structure in the relationship between anxiety and perceived social support: a review. BMC Psychol. 2025 Feb 21;13(1):152. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-02449-x. PMID: 39985115; PMCID: PMC11846332.
51. Baller EB, Luo AC, Schindler MK, Cooper EC, Pecsok MK, Cieslak MC, Martin ML, Bar-Or A, Elahi A, Perrone CM, Spangler BC, Satterthwaite TD, Shinohara RT. Uncinate Fasciculus Lesion Burden and Anxiety in Multiple Sclerosis. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Apr 1;8(4):e254751. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.4751. PMID: 40227683; PMCID: PMC11997724.
52. Lee B, Kwon JT, Jeong Y, Caris H, Oh D, Feng M, Davila Mejia I, Zhang X, Ishikawa T, Watson BR, Moffitt JR, Chung K, Huh JR, Choi GB. Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines bidirectionally modulate amygdala circuits regulating anxiety. Cell. 2025 Apr 17;188(8):2190-2202.e15. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.03.005. Epub 2025 Apr 7. PMID: 40199321; PMCID: PMC12090750.
53. Hollingworth BYA, Pallier PN, Jenkins SI, Chen R. Hypoxic Neuroinflammation in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis. Brain Sci. 2025 Feb 26;15(3):248. doi: 10.3390/brainsci15030248. PMID: 40149770; PMCID: PMC11940507.
54. Li Z, Chen K, Shao Q, Lu H, Zhang X, Pu Y, Sun X, He H, Cao L. Nanoparticulate MgH2 ameliorates anxiety/depression-like behaviors in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis by regulating micro–glial polarization and oxidative stress. J Neuroinflammation. 2023 Jan 30;20(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s12974-023-02696-y. PMID: 36710351; PMCID: PMC9885636.
55. Askari F, Ghajarzadeh M, Mohammadifar M, Azimi A, Sahraian MA, Owji M. Anxiety in patients with multiple sclerosis: association with disability, depression, disease type and sex. Acta Med Iran. 2014;52(12):889-92. PMID: 25530050.
56. Jones KH, Jones PA, Middleton RM, Ford DV, Tuite-Dalton K, Lockhart-Jones H, Peng J, Lyons RA, John A, Noble JG. Physical disability, anxiety and depression in people with MS: an internet-based survey via the UK MS Register. PLoS One. 2014 Aug 25;9(8):e104604. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104604. PMID: 25153835; PMCID: PMC4143231.
57. Gill S, Santo J, Blair M, Morrow SA. Depressive Symptoms Are Associated With More Negative Functional Outcomes Than Anxiety Symptoms in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2019 Winter;31(1):37-42. doi: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.18010011. Epub 2018 Sep 6. PMID: 30187820.
58. Tauil CB, Rocha-Lima AD, Ferrari BB, Silva FMD, Ma–chado LA, Ramari C, Brando CO, Santos LMBD, Santos-Neto LLD. Depression and anxiety disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis: association with neurodegeneration and neurofilaments. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2021 Jan 15;54(3):e10428. doi: 10.1590/1414-431X202010428. PMID: 33470393; PMCID: PMC7812914.
59. Oliva Ramirez A, Keenan A, Kalau O, Worthington E, Cohen L, Singh S. Prevalence and burden of multiple sclerosis-rela–ted fatigue: a systematic literature review. BMC Neurol. 2021 Dec 2;21(1):468. doi: 10.1186/s12883-021-02396-1. PMID: 34856949; PMCID: PMC8638268.
60. Rooney S, Wood L, Moffat F, Paul L. Prevalence of fatigue and its association with clinical features in progressive and non-progressive forms of Multiple Sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2019 Feb; 28:276-282. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.01.011. Epub 2019 Jan 3. PMID: 30639830.
61. Ponzio M, Podda J, Pignattelli E, Verri A, Persechino B, Vitturi BK, Bandiera P, Manacorda T, Inglese M, Durando P, Battaglia MA. Work Difficulties in People with Multiple Sclerosis. J Occup Rehabil. 2024 Sep;34(3):606-617. doi: 10.1007/s10926-023-10149-9. Epub 2023 Nov 3. PMID: 37921967; PMCID: PMC11364583.
62. Bhattarai JJ, Patel KS, Dunn KM, Brown A, Opelt B, Hughes AJ. Sleep disturbance and fatigue in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. 2023 Aug 25;9(3):20552173231194352. doi: 10.1177/20552173231194352. PMID: 37641617; PMCID: PMC10460472.
63. Arm J, Ribbons K, Lechner-Scott J, Ramadan S. Evaluation of MS related central fatigue using MR neuroimaging methods: Sco–ping review. J Neurol Sci. 2019 May 15;400:52-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.03.007. Epub 2019 Mar 14. PMID: 30903860.
64. Gullo HL, Fleming J, Bennett S, Shum DHK. Cognitive and physical fatigue are associated with distinct problems in daily functioning, role fulfilment, and quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2019 Jun;31:118-123. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.03.024. Epub 2019 Apr 1. PMID: 30981190.
65. Yi X, Zhang Y, Du Q, Kang J, Song S, Li T, Jiang Y. Global prevalence of fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol. 2024 Oct 2;15:1457788. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1457788. PMID: 39416662; PMCID: PMC11479926.
66. Adibi I, Sanayei M, Tabibian F, Ramezani N, Pourmohammadi A, Azimzadeh K. Multiple sclerosis-related fatigue lacks a unified definition: A narrative review. J Res Med Sci. 2022 Mar 17;27:24. doi: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_1401_20. PMID: 35419061; PMCID: PMC8995308.
67. Figueroa-Vargas A, Navarrete-Caro S, Crcamo C, Ciampi E, Vsquez-Torres M, Soler B, Montalba C, Iriarte-Carter M, Martnez-Molina MP, Carvajal-Paredes P, Ayala-Ochoa M, Mrquez-Rodrguez V, Figueroa-Taiba P, Daz-Daz M, Herrero J, Henrquez-Ch R, Stecher X, Manterola C, Zamorano F, Guevara P, Aboitiz F, Billeke P. White matter volume and microstructural integrity are associated with fatigue in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep. 2025 May 12;15(1):16417. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-01465-6. PMID: 40355645; PMCID: PMC12069712.
68. Meijboom R, Foley P, MacDougall NJJ, Mina Y, York EN, Kampaite A, Mollison D, Kearns PKA, White N, Thrippleton MJ, Murray K, Valds Hernndez MDC, Reich DS, Connick P, Jacobson S, Nair G, Chandran S, Waldman AD. Fatigue in early multiple sclerosis: MRI metrics of neuroinflammation, relapse and neurodegeneration. Brain Commun. 2024 Aug 14;6(5):fcae278. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae278. PMID: 39386090; PMCID: PMC11462441.
69. Albergoni M, Pagani E, Preziosa P, Meani A, Margoni M, Rocca MA, Filippi M. Thalamic nuclei volume partially mediates the effects of aerobic capacity on fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2024 Jun;271(6):3378-3388. doi: 10.1007/s00415-024-12277-5. Epub 2024 Mar 20. PMID: 38507073.
70. Bisecco A, Nardo FD, Docimo R, Caiazzo G, d’Ambrosio A, Bonavita S, Capuano R, Sinisi L, Cirillo M, Esposito F, Tedeschi G, Gallo A. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: The contribution of resting-state functional connectivity reorganization. Mult Scler. 2018 Nov;24(13):1696-1705. doi: 10.1177/1352458517730932. Epub 2017 Sep 15. PMID: 28911257.
71. Margoni M, Valsasina P, Bacchetti A, Mistri D, Preziosa P, Rocca MA, Filippi M. Resting state functional connectivity modifications in monoaminergic circuits underpin fatigue development in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mol Psychiatry. 2024 Sep;29(9):2647-2656. doi: 10.1038/s41380-024-02532-6. Epub 2024 Mar 25. PMID: 38528072.
72. Silva-Batista C, Arpan I, Penteado Nucci M, Horak FB. Alterations in functional connectivity of interoceptive and Cortico-Subcortical areas in Multiple Sclerosis-Related fatigue. Neuroscience. 2025 Mar 5;568:355-363. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.12.036. Epub 2024 Dec 19. PMID: 39709059.
73. Zifko UA. Management of fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis. Drugs. 2004;64(12):1295-304. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200464120-00003. PMID: 15200345.
74. Ray AD, Mahoney MC, Fisher NM. Measures of respiratory function correlate with fatigue in ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis. Disabil Rehabil. 2015 Dec;37(26):2407-2412. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1031286. Epub 2015 Apr 8. PMID: 25853584.
75. Nazari F, Shaygannejad V, Mohammadi Sichani M, Mansourian M, Hajhashemi V. Sexual dysfunction in women with multiple sclerosis: prevalence and impact on quality of life. BMC Urol. 2020 Feb 21;20(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s12894-020-0581-2. PMID: 32085755; PMCID: PMC7035744.
76. Zorzon M, Zivadinov R, Monti Bragadin L, Moretti R, De Masi R, Nasuelli D, Cazzato G. Sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: a 2-year follow-up study. J Neurol Sci. 2001 Jun 15;187(1-2):1-5. doi: 10.1016/s0022-510x(01)00493-2. PMID: 11440738.
77. Dastoorpoor M, Zamanian M, Moradzadeh R, Nabavi SM, Kousari R. Prevalence of sexual dysfunction in men with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. 2021 Jan 6;10(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s13643-020-01560-x. PMID: 33407874; PMCID: PMC7789133.
78. Yazdani A, Ebrahimi N, Mirmosayyeb O, Ghajarzadeh M. Prevalence and risk of developing sexual dysfunction in women with multiple sclerosis (MS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Womens Health. 2023 Jul 4;23(1):352. doi: 10.1186/s12905-023-02501-1. PMID: 37403051; PMCID: PMC10318690.
79. Askari F, Ghajarzadeh M, Jalilian R, Azimi A, Togha M, Sahraian MA, Mohammadifar M. Comparison of Sexual Dysfunction in Women with Migraine and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Maedica (Bucur). 2016 Mar;11(1):44-47. PMID: 28465750; PMCID: PMC5394499.
80. Domingo S, Kinzy T, Thompson N, Gales S, Stone L, Sullivan A. Factors Associated with Sexual Dysfunction in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Assessment and Treatment. Int J MS Care. 2018;20(4):191-197. doi: 10.7224/1537-2073.2017-059.
81. Foley FW, LaRocca NG, Sanders AS, Zemon V. Rehabilitation of intimacy and sexual dysfunction in couples with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2001 Dec;7(6):417-21. doi: 10.1177/135245850100700612. PMID: 11795465.
82. Delaney KE, Donovan J. Multiple sclerosis and sexual dysfunction: A need for further education and interdisciplinary care. NeuroRehabilitation. 2017;41(2):317-329. doi: 10.3233/NRE-172200. PMID: 29036844.
83. Ala S, Amirkafi A, Kohandel K, Shahmohammadi S, Sahraian MA. Switching from injectable to other Disease Modifying Therapies may improve sexual dysfunction in people with Multiple Sclerosis. BMC Neurol. 2024 Jul 24;24(1):255. doi: 10.1186/s12883-024-03765-2. PMID: 39048953; PMCID: PMC11267863.
84. Egerod I, Wulff K, Petersen MC. Experiences and informational needs on sexual health in people with epilepsy or multiple sclerosis: A focus group investigation. J Clin Nurs. 2018 Jul;27(13-14):2868-2876. doi: 10.1111/jocn.14378. Epub 2018 May 24. PMID: 29633408.
85. Wu J, Jelinek GA, Weiland T, Hedstrm AK, Alfredsson L, Neate S, De Livera A, Nag N, Simpson-Yap S. Perceived cognitive impairment is associated with sexual dysfunction in people with multiple sclerosis: A 2.5-year follow-up study of a large international cohort. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Oct;45:102410. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102410. Epub 2020 Jul 17. PMID: 32736213.
86. Parker LS, Topcu G, De Boos D, das Nair R. The notion of “invisibility” in people’s experiences of the symptoms of multiple sclerosis: a systematic meta-synthesis. Disabil Rehabil. 2021 Nov;43(23):3276-3290. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1741698. Epub 2020 Mar 24. PMID: 32208036.
87. McKay KA, Tremlett H, Fisk JD, Zhang T, Patten SB, Kastrukoff L, Campbell T, Marrie RA; CIHR Team in the Epidemio–logy and Impact of Comorbidity on Multiple Sclerosis. Psychiatric comorbidity is associated with disability progression in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2018 Apr 10;90(15):e1316-e1323. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005302. Epub 2018 Mar 9. PMID: 29523642; PMCID: PMC5894930.

Вернуться к номеру